Archaeology The Field Of Archaeology - 996 Words

Archaeologists: The field of archaeology is a sub-discipline of anthropology. People, who study archaeology, are called archaeologists. What they do in this field is that they find and study the artifacts of past civilizations like tools and weapons, pottery, jewelry, and clothing (if it survived that passage of time). From analyzing artifacts, archaeologists are able to form hypothesizes of how that ancient culture would have lived and behaved, even if there is no written record. The field of archaeology helps, especially, with decoding the unknown history of the Native Americans before European contact. From the archaeological sites to the different dates of artifacts collected over the decades, archaeologists have grouped pre-European contact in Native American history four periods of time, Paleo (Prehistory) (more than 10,000 years ago), Archaic (roughly 10,000-2,500 years ago), Woodland (roughly 3,000 years ago- early 1600s), and then Euro-American (1600s to present)*. *These time frames are a rough estimate, which means that there is potential overlapping, and it is theorized that there is not a distinct beginning and end, just one continuous growth of culture throughout time. Most Native American communities will accept western time periods of their culture, however, there are some that refuse to acknowledge them because they are western times about their life. Paleo: Post-Glacial Native Americans: When did Paleo-Indians arrive? Archaeologists believe thatShow MoreRelatedThe Contribution Of The Field Of Archaeology1911 Words   |  8 Pagesof culture, the potentials available in archaeological approaches to explain our past vary widely and are often vestiges of their period in time. These four theorists are all of tremendous importance in their respective contributions to the field of archaeology. Throughout the short period of theoretical development within the archaeological discipline, the thought has quickly evolved often mirroring in many way the greater climate of ideas present within the mainstream ethos. In this way each ofRead More Phytoliths and Archaeology; An Amazing Field That Never Gained Popularity (with good Reason)3243 Words   |  13 Pages Phytoliths are a durable floral microfossil formed by silica absorbed by a plant during its life. Although the usefulness of phytoliths in archaeology has been known for nearly a century, the field (independently) has not attained much popularity. Desp ite the fact that the yields of evidence and information from phytoliths are truly amazing, the field itself is at times more tedious than dendrochronology, causing a delay in the development of the use of phytoliths, as well as the lack of recognitionRead MoreEssay on The New Archaeology Movement913 Words   |  4 Pagesmethodologies, some archaeologists became frustrated with the traditional ways of archaeology; they felt that the new technologies should be used to improve archaeology and the outcomes of professionals in the field. The New Archaeology was a movement that sought to contribute to the existing anthropological knowledge of human behavior by emerging as a science and separating itself from the historical approach. New archaeology did not merely incorporate scientific technology, but it also employed variousRead MoreControversial Issues in Archaelogy1011 Words   |  4 Pagespreserve them in museums. While the field of archaeology is exciting, and the idea of partakin g in perilous adventures may seem alluring, the archaeologist was depicted in an incorrect manner. An archaeologist is someone who studies human history through the excavation of sites and the examination of artifacts. Archaeologists study the past to learn more about the lives and cultures of people before. The science of archaeology is a relatively new and quickly growing field; yet, as expected with scienceRead MoreDoing Archaeological Research Worksheet On The Library1231 Words   |  5 Pagesdigital books and journals Log into Portal. Click on the Library icon. 1. Type medieval archaeology into the Library search quick search box and hit submit. How many sources are found? What kinds of sources are here? 3 points There were 208,606 results found when searching medieval archaeology using the quick search. This search was decreased to 183,794 when the discipline of history and archaeology was applied to the refine search which may be more relevant. There are electronic books, journalRead MoreThe Study of Archaeology Essay examples1056 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to The Society for American Archaeology, the definition of Archaeology is, â€Å"to obtain a chronology of the past, a sequence of events and dates that, in a sense, is a backward extension of history.† The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicateRead MoreThe Egyptian Cultural Heritage Program Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation and many more. (UCL Institute of Arch aeology). Additionally, the time and length of Hassan’s career spans more then 30 years of experience in the field of archeology (UCL Institute of Archaeology). He began his career in 1963 as a teaching assistance in the department of geology in Cairo University in Egypt (UCL Institute of Archaeology). He went on to participate in many research projects and fieldwork from about 1968 until 2009 (UCL Institute of Archaeology). Furthermore, in 2011 Hassan was theRead MoreSociology, Anthropology, By Lewis Binford932 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle, Archaeology as Anthropology, Lewis Binford argues that by looking at culture through a systemic view point our interpretations of the past can become stronger and will improve the field of archaeology and anthropology as a whole. His article is integral to the foundation of ‘New Archaeology’ because it gave a critical review of the short comings of a cultural historic approach, and provides suggestions of improvement that ha ve been applied and even built upon in contemporary archaeology. TheseRead MoreAnimal Ancestry : The Field Of Anthropology Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesRyan Schueneman Intro to Anthropology Rachel McTavish 05 December 2016 Animal Ancestry Within the field of anthropology, there are various subsections that deal with specific branches of knowledge. Zooarchaeology, specifically, is a division of archaeology that deals with the remains of an animal after it has died. Much knowledge can be gleaned about various aspects of the animal itself, as well as the world surrounding it, through the study of zooarchaeology. The following will discuss the historyRead MoreCareer Essay : A Career As A Career1256 Words   |  6 Pagesover my life; I was introduced to archaeology. My jobs have consisted of being a dancer, working in food establishments, a cashier, a sales person, a daycare teacher, a school bus driver, a church secretary and owning my business. These jobs may not have had a direct influence on my current career choice but they have all made me the person I am today. In most of my jobs I have pushed myself to excel and move up the â€Å"corporate ladder†. I started my archaeology career by keeping books for my ex-boss

Essay on Marketing Research Example - 1738 Words

JoBDeK RESEARCH Kimberly Block Jody Brogan Brittany Caple Destinie Schirle Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Service Overview 2 Target Market 3 Problem Statement 4 Research Plan 4-5 Primary Research 6 Secondary Research 6 Sample Survey 7 Test Pilot Report 8 Focus Group 8 Recommendations 8 Works Cited 9 Executive Summary JoBDeK Research will perform research to collect and compile data regarding the Blackhawk Technical College Financial Aid Department’s service and favorability among current students. Our goal is to answer the question â€Å"What are students’ attitudes towards the Financial Aid Department at Blackhawk Technical College?† We will be looking for satisfaction and dissatisfaction†¦show more content†¦Of those who apply, nearly 64% actually receive financial aid (Arnold). Problem Statement What are students’ attitudes towards the Financial Aid Department at Blackhawk Technical College? We will be looking for satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the Financial Aid Department at Blackhawk Technical College. Research Plan Step One What symptoms cause management concern? (Cooper and Schindler 106) ï  ® Competitors/other schools ï  ® Money Loss ï  ® Staffing ï  ® Technology ï  ® Student Concern ï  ® Example: People receiving Financial Aid in October for Fall Semester. What Environmental Stimuli raise management interest? ï  ® Competitors ï  ® TV Ads, newspapers ads, billboards, brochures, hand outs, flyers ï  ® Money ï  ® Laws ï  ® Other Colleges ï  ® Example: People not applying due to the problems and attending other schools with a better financial aid package. Step Two How can Management eliminate the negative symptoms? (Cooper and Schindler 106) ï  ® Answers from surveys can eliminate negativity. ï  ® Satisfied student response speaking highly of BTC financial aid. ï  ® Promote Excellence. ï  ® Care about Student concerns ï  ® Profitability How can Management fully capitalize on an opportunity? ï  ® Take the opportunity to listen to student concern. ï  ® Work on the problem right away. ï  ® Work on the slow disbursement. ï  ® Know the problem, realize the problem and define the problem, andShow MoreRelated Marketing Research Tools Essay example1410 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Research Tools Before launching or expanding a business venture, there needs to be an understanding of the industry, its competitors, and its customers. Market research is vital in assisting companies in the decision-making process and their marketing direction. Data from marketing research is important because it provides companies with ways to identify opportunities, identify market potential, minimize chances of loss, devise effective marketing strategies, gauge customer satisfactionRead MoreExplain with Examples How Different Market Research Methods are Appropriate to Assist Different Marketing Situations1332 Words   |  6 PagesM1: Explain, with examples, how different market research methods are appropriate to assist different marketing situations. Looking back at the market research methods that could be used to collect information, methods such as questionnaires/ survey, observation, focus groups, experimentation, internet, website monitoring etc. I am going to select 3 primary and 3 se condary methods of research from the ones I have written about. I have chosen 3 primary researches which are: †¢ Focus groups †¢ Surveys Read MoreLimitations of Marketing Research Essay example2333 Words   |  10 PagesM2: Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of Nivea. No matter how small or large a market research project may be, any type of research performed poorly will not give relevant results. In fact, all research, no matter how well controlled, carries the potential to be wrong. There are many reasons why research may not give good results but a common problem is deciding whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring. ThereRead MoreA Research Report on Marketing Strategies of the Business Essay example4094 Words   |  17 PagesHI 5004 Marketing Management | Victoria’s Basement | A Research Report on Marketing Strategies of the Business | Muhoo [Pick the date] | Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Market Profile Error! Bookmark not defined. 3 Macro-environmental Analysis of Victoria’s Basement 3 4 Micro-environmental Analysis of Victoria’s Basement 4 5 Market Segmentation 5 5.1 Demographic Segmentation: 5 5.2 Psychographic segmentation: 6 5.3 Behavioural segmentation: 7 6 TargetRead MoreMarketing Research Reveals Consumer Behavior1594 Words   |  7 PagesMARKETING RRESEARCH Marketing Research plays a very significant role in identifying the needs of customers and meeting them in best possible way. The main task of Marketing Research is systematic gathering and analysis of information. It can be defined as the function that links the consumers, customers, and public to the marketer through information — information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketingRead MorePrimary and Secondary Marketing Research Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary and Secondary Marketing Research When looking to add a new product to the market, traditionally five steps occur in marketing research and lead to marketing actions. Of these five steps, step number three covers the collection of marketing data. Marketing data can be collected through either primary research or secondary research. The goal of this assignment is to describe both primary and secondary research, provide examples of each and determine how the author’s organization could benefitRead MoreIdentify the significant changes taking place in todays business environment1373 Words   |  6 Pagesto rethink their views of marketing research. Also discuss the potential impact that these changes might have on marketing research activities. Please provide adequate references for each of the points in your discussion. Todays business environment is relentlessly subjected to significant changes. These changes force decision makers to reassess their views of marketing research and also induce changes in the marketing research processes themselves. No longer is marketing seen as a component of theRead MoreBribery and Corruption1492 Words   |  6 Pagesat the airport with the customs officer, it is important to distinguish between business ethics and personal ethics. In a business ethics situation, the Foreign Corruption Practices Act would prohibit offering any bribe to the custom office – for example to free a shipment of goods that was lost in red tape (Pitman Sanford, 2006). Most companies also have policies against bribery as well. In this situation, however the main issue at hand is that of personal ethics. When in a situation where yourRead MoreMarketing Research : Market, Product And Service907 Words   |  4 Pagesthis task I been asked to link the marketing research methods to the development of BT-Broadband, TV, phone, home business marketing plans by applying the following analytical tools to the BT; †¢ Marketing planning process model †¢ Pestle †¢ Swot †¢ Smart objective BT is a British multinational telecommunications services company with head offices in London, England, United Kingdom. It has operations in around 170 countries. Marketing Research Marketing Research is the process of analysing and interpretingRead MoreSources Of Marketing Research Data1191 Words   |  5 PagesSources of Marketing Research Data The items of information gathered as the basis of marketing research are usually referred to as data and we speak of primary data and secondary data. The former is information collected by means of a research programme carried out for a specific purpose. The latter is information that already exists, because it was collected as part of a previous research operation or for some different purpose. Secondary data can be found inside a company, in sales records in

I Am A Teacher s Helper - 927 Words

Growing up, I wasn’t expected to do much. I was treated with a delicate hand and placed in protective packaging. I began school when I was just two years old at the St. Charles BOCES school for children with disabilities. Due to my diagnosis of albinism, my family and doctors feared I wouldn’t be able to function in a public school. It took no time at all for me to excel beyond anyone’s expectations. I took the role of a caretaker almost immediately. I pushed the children in wheelchairs out to the play area and I was the first to jump at the opportunity to be the teacher’s helper. I took pride in being their for someone else who needed help. I still have a drawing that I made in 1986 during preschool of me as a nurse giving immunizations to children. When it was time for Kindergarten, it was clear that I was more than capable to enter the public school system. I switched school districts and continued to talk about nursing. This is around the time my siste r met her best friend, Veronica. Veronica had Cystic Fibrosis. She was always at our home and came on most of our family vacations with us. My sister learned how to take care of her while we were away from home. During the middle of the night, Veronica would wake up with coughing attacks that were so terrible it was difficult for her to breath. I would go into my sister’s room and watch her perform percussion techniques. I remember thinking that I wanted to make her feel better and do whatever was in my power to helpShow MoreRelatedHow I Handle Stressful Situations1329 Words   |  6 Pages How I handle stressful situations. In a stressful situation such as homework or a game. I sit back, put on soothing music, that way I can think about the homework. See if I am doing anything wrong or what I need to do properly. Then I double check my work that I did already. After all of that, I proceed with the homework with ease. For stressful situations such as an argument or a fight. I don t back down, But better yet Evaluate a person or my surroundings. I look for their bodyRead MoreA Brief Note On The United States Of America1425 Words   |  6 Pagesgood quality mic?: I have a decently good microphone. I have Turtle beach x12 s. Do you have Telegram Teamspeak?: I have Teamspeak and am whiling to download anything else needed or requested. How many hours can you put in the server per week: I can put in approximately 18 hours a week depending on the week. Any previous punishments on Faithful?: I have only been muted on Faithful and never banned or temp banned for anything. Any past experiences in being a staff member: Yes I have had a littleRead MoreExecutive Director1448 Words   |  6 Pages Montreat College Work of the Holy Spirit After Jesus completed His ministry here on earth, He ascended into heaven with a promise of sending a Helper. While on earth, Jesus required His followers and disciples to believe in Him and most importantly follow Him. In John 3:13 and 6:38, Jesus claims to have come from Heaven to fulfill the will of His father. After this achievement, He tells the disciplesRead MoreWhy Do You Think You Should Become Staff?1246 Words   |  5 Pagesold are you? I am 13 years old. Soon to be 14 in December. What timezone are you in? UTC-7 What languages do you speak? English only, I am taking classes in Spanish. :) Why do you think you should become staff? Well here s a few reasons that show I am highly different than other players applying for staff, ~Resilient~ Resilient - able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. Which most would say I am that kind of person. I will always end up back on my feet. I don t want toRead MorePersonal Statement : Elementary School808 Words   |  4 Pagesthat they would be prepared for my class. Although the teacher-student play was natural and fun, it was not evident to me at that time that I was destined to become a teacher. â€Å"It was time for Ms. Bibi’s class and I dare you be late Mr. Rhino.† In high school, I was a self-declared teacher s assistant. I undertook the responsibility of grading many tests and completing attendance reports. This behavior persisted through college where I successfully set up supplemental classes in the libraryRead MorePersonal Statement : Teacher Student Relationships1254 Words   |  6 Pagescan become inconvenient to us so that we start to feel overwhelmed. However, I will strive to try to see the bigger picture. The relationships I construct in my classes have to be my priority. As a teacher, there are numerous approaches that I will cultivate and maintain relationships with my students, scholars’ parents, employers, and colleagues. Principal, through retaining and developing a relationship with Jesus, I will shine His light into all my relationships by displaying a character thatRead MoreEducation Is Suffering From Narration Sickness1638 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal experiences that some students don’t learn the same way. Many of the teachers that I have had, have always presented the information through powerpoint or just lecturing, kind of like college, but not all students learn the best through this way. One of Freire s quotes from the article is, â€Å"Education is suffering from narration sickness.† This is an important quote to me from this article because emphasizes that teachers tend to lecture, speak, or narrate what the lesson may be and this is aRead MoreSummary Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1607 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussion on equality lies with the difference of sex; man versus woman. In the eighteenth century, society very much male dominated. Women were expected to obey a man s commands and were treated inferior to their male superior. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between men and women in society. Charlotte Bronte s novel Jane Eyre embraces many views in opposition to the Victorian gender limitations. Ultimately, the reader can see the author develops a v ariety of characters who not onlyRead MoreEssay Creating a Thriving Learning Environment931 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially as a new teacher. Foreman (2008) likens the classroom environment to an ecosystem to which there are four interconnecting dynamics; teacher factors, student factors, curriculum and resource factors and physical setting factors. These four factors provide many ways that teachers can set up the learning environment to maximise the occurrence of teaching and learning, however it is both my belief and experience that there is a major focus on teacher factors. The reason for this I believe is thatRead MoreEquality Within Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1673 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussion on equality lies with the difference of sex; man versus woman. In the eighteenth century, society very much male dominated. Women were expected to obey a man s commands and were treated inferior to their male superior. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between men and women in society. Charlotte Bronte s novel Jane Eyre embraces many views in opposition to the Victorian gender limitations. Ultimately, the reader can see the author develops a variety of characters who not only

Should Parents Be Responsible For Their Children Being Obese

Eating in America America is known as one of the unhealthiest, obese countries in the world. As a citizen of the United States I would have to agree. We are constantly eating out and super sizing are meals and losing all sense of what a healthy diet means and this has become a very big problem for young children and adults. Would everyone agree to this fact? I believe not. It has come down to convenience for some people to grab something to eat thru a drive thru restaurant instead of cooking a home cooked meal. People are stating that they are happy with whom they are and yet I feel passing on to their children their bad eating habits. Should parents be responsible for their children being obese? We need to teach our children better. Would one agree with the saying, â€Å"You are what you eat†? The way the majority of Americans eat is unhealthy, everywhere you look there is a fast food restaurant on every corner and the obesity rate in America is much higher than any other country. The percentages of American children and teens have doubled in the last decade. Two-thirds of adults in this country are either overweight or obese and at least 300,000 Americans die each year from obese related diseases such as diabetes, Heart disease, Cardiomyopathy, Respiratory disorders, Hypertension, and Sleep apnea. The United States food industry aggressively markets high-fat, high-sugar, super sized foods. We are advertising to drive are cars more than walking in today’s society. Schools areShow MoreRelatedChild Obesity Is A World s Problem1198 Words   |  5 Pagesit on the parents. Some people have also said that the child should be responsible for their own weight, and that they need to make their own choice. Others even maintain that the government should interfere. The reality is that child obesity is a world’s problem that is taking away years of life of young adults. This is a serious, complex problem that can affect someone’s life drastically. These children are not able to get involved in a sports club. It has been said that these children have a lowerRead MoreShould Parents Be Responsible For Obesity Of Their Children?1410 Words   |  6 PagesDilaida Jimenez Professor: Eva Gubalova English 162-62 September 12, 2013 Should Parents Be Responsible For Obesity of Their Children? Obesity is a problem that is growing increasingly in the children’s population in the United States. Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention claims that â€Å"obesity now affects 17% of all children and adolescent in the United States, triple the rate from just one generation ago†. The doctors say that this medical condition is easiest to detectRead MoreChild Obesity Is A World s Problem1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn discussion of child obesity, the parents have stated that fast food is the main contributor of this issue. On the other hand, there are tons of people who blame it on the parents. Some people have also said that the children should be responsible for their own weight, and that they need to make their own choices. Others even maintain that the government should interfere. The reality is that child obesity is a world’s problem that is taking away years of life of young adults. This is a seriousRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Overweight And Obese Children911 Words   |  4 PagesThe number of overweight and obese children is only increasing. It is important for children to eat adequate nutrients to ensure development, growth, and health (Brown et al., 2013). Children can become obese if they lack exercise, consume high fat and/or empty caloric foods, and watch their family eat or over eat unhealthy foods. Brown et al. (2013) implies adequate nutrition can improve a child’s academic performance in school, reduce tardiness and absences by decreasing the chances of a childRead MoreMcdonalds : A Favorite Toy Of My Girl1376 Words   |  6 PagesHello Kitty, My Little Pony, etc. The indoor playgrounds have the kids pleading with their parents to take them to McDonalds for Happy Meals. In a child’s eye what could be better? A tasty fried meal, playground time, and a toy! Should I worry so much about my children’s diet? Are these meals a potential threat to their overall health? Am I creating bad habits that will last a lifetime? All parents should be conscious of their children’s diet and the foods they consume. Processed foods loaded withRead MoreSocial Labeling And Stigmatizing Minority Children827 Words   |  4 Pagesbe obese than non-minorities, thus I do not want to provide an image of social labeling and stigmatizing minority children who are overweight. There are many factors that play in role in children being obese that must be taken into accounts. One of the factors, the income status of the parents and how it generally affects the child quality of life, living environment. For example, if the parents have a low yearly income it can factor in the child being obese in comparison to a child’s parent havingRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Controversial Dilemma999 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussion of Childhood obesity, one controversial predicament has been that, whether parents are being responsible enough, and are the ones to be blamed for their child’s health, and most important of all, their nutrition. In which they need to be held accountable for their decision making, towards their child’s healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, supporters, and those in favor of this specific idea, suggest that parents, and the newly parenting, has is it that, it must be mandatory that they must haveRead MoreObesity Among Children Are Lack Of Exercise And Bad Eating Habits Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Centers for Disease Control, obesity among children has tripled in the past twenty years. Other causes for obesity in children are lack of exercise and bad eating habits. Americans need to stop blaming fast food companies and take their own responsibility for providing a healthy nutrition diet for children. Obesity is a very common disease in America that can one day lead to death. Parents need to help their children choose what is healthy for their body to consume. To help themRead MoreEnough Blame From The Fast Food Industry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesnutritional food businesses declining, there by leaving the fast food industry responsible to provide adequate nutrition for countless numbers of young American adults. As well as sympathizing with a group of children suing McDonalds for apparently making them â€Å"fat’. As an obese child, David recalls the limited options of nutritional food in and outside of his household. With what seems like no other options, children all over America are now turning to fast food as a means of quick, cheap, and anRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Parents Change Their Own Habits1252 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity can only stop if parents change their own habits to promote a healthier lifestyle for their family. Parents don t realize it, but they influence children majorly. If a parent is accustom to eating fastfood and snacking multiple times between meals, drinking soda all the time it becomes regular routine for them. Their child will began to learn that same exact routine . Those â€Å"couch potato† parents will usually watch television all day and lack exercise. Children see those things and tend

Automotive E-Coat Paint Process Simulation Using FEA Free Essays

By applying an electrical current, a thin paint film forms veer all the surfaces in contact with the liquid, including those surfaces in recessed portions of the body. The E-coat paint process deposits a thin paint film on the automotive body under the influence of a voltage gradient of about 200 to 300 volts. The water-based E-coat paint bath is conductive with an array of anodes that extends into the bath delivering a DC current. We will write a custom essay sample on Automotive E-Coat Paint Process Simulation Using FEA or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paint film that forms has physical properties that resist corrosion (these appear only after the automotive body has been cured in an oven). However, as the paint film forms, its electrical resistance increases. In the past several years, two-dimensional (2-D) FEE models of the E-coat paint process have been developed for specific or limited applications. In this paper, we discuss a general three-dimensional (3-D) FEE method using ALGER software. This method can simulate the formation of the E-coat film and can thus predict its thickness at any point on the surface of the automotive body. Operational variables, such as voltages and process duration, are used to simulate the time-dependent interaction among the automotive body, the increasing paint layer and the liquid thin the E-coat bath. The method is based on a quasi-static technique that accounts for the changing material properties of the paint layer. A quasi-static approach is appropriate because the time required for the electric field to be established is much smaller than the duration of the paint deposition process. The actual time is simulated by considering a series of time steps, each of which requires an electrostatic solution. The E-coat film thickness is updated during each time step. A primary concern is how to model the changing FEE geometry due to the growth of the E-coat film. Technology has been developed that is capable of generating a film of specified thickness (as a function of position) on the automotive body. Because of symmetry along the longitudinal axis of the automotive body, only half the body was modeled. In addition, an enclosing box was constructed around the automotive body and features were created for the possible anode locations. Generally, there is little electrical interaction between two adjacent automotive bodies. Any net electrical current that flows into the leading and trailing surfaces of the enclosing box is considered negligible. The space between the outside of this box and the automotive body will be considered as the E-coat paint bath. Furthermore, the growth of the E- coat film is assumed to be perpendicular to the surface of the automotive body at all times. Laboratory experiments can establish an accurate estimate of the deposition coefficient of the E-coat film that forms in response to the flow of electrical current. The result of interest is the flow of DC electrical current that causes the E-coat film to form. The growth of the E-coat film is dependent on the number of Coulombs that are levered. In each iteration, the FEE model is solved for electrical current flow from which the E-coat film thickness can then be calculated. The material properties for each of the elements where the E-coat film develops are also changed in response to the growth in the E-coat film thickness. Another feature of a typical automotive E-coat paint system is the use of multiple voltage zones and differing locations where the anodes are placed in the E-coat bath. These factors affect the application of voltages in the FEE model. The appropriate voltage values must be added or updated for each new iteration as required. The primary use of the method is to predict how, as the paint layer forms, the effective electrical resistance increases, which prompts the current to seek out less resistive paths. Even though the paint film that forms has drastically reduced conductivity compared to the surrounding E-coat paint bath, it is not enough to stop its continued growth past the optimum thickness which is generally about 25 p. A 3-D FEE model of the E-coat paint process would not only help he designers of a new automotive body obtain a more uniform paint distribution, but could be advantageous to existing assembly plants, as they explore means to reduce costs as well as make improvements to existing designs. It is well known that the layout of the anodes and the automotive body have a significant impact on the overall electrical resistance of the system, and thus the amount of current that must be delivered. In some circumstances, assembly plants are faced with the challenge of obtaining an adequate E-coat paint thickness on exposed parts of the automotive odd, while avoiding an insufficient thickness in recessed regions. The standard solution is to increase the overall voltage, which results in greater energy and material costs. The resulting E-coat paint thickness achieved on the exposed parts of the body is particularly costly because it provides for no additional corrosion protection. Using the method discussed in this paper, engineers can perform a variety of optimization exercises without incurring the high costs or risks of making operational modifications to the existing E-coat paint process at an assembly plant. How to cite Automotive E-Coat Paint Process Simulation Using FEA, Essays

Voip Technology free essay sample

Phone VoIP Technology for Communication Sonal Garg : sonal11. [emailprotected] com Bharti Vidyapeeth’s Institute Of Computer Application and Management Paschim Vihar,New delhi-110064 ABSTRACT VoIP is a technology that play its role in economic revitalization in various ways. It plays an important role in presidential elections. It play lead role under NBN(National Broadband Network). It also provide security means for the small businesses. But the another system in which VoIP plays its important role is the Telecommunication system. Use of telephones and mobiles for the sake of communication is at its peak during current period, and it needs highly efficient technologies to make it cheap, fast and frequent to ease the communication. The technology which bring modifications to the Telecommunication system is the VoIP. This paper discusses about the Mobile VoIP, various services provided by it, advantages, disadvantages and its working. VoIP is a transmission technology, which effect the Telecommunication system to the great extent and provide a lots of new services to the communication system. To get the benefit of the VoIP technology to the fullest, we should know how and which VoIP service we have to choose, based on our system’s requirements. This paper discuss the working of the VoIP diagramatically also. KEYWORDS VoIP Technology, VoIP Services, Internet, Telecommunication. 1. INTRODUCTION The Indian telecommunication industry is one of the fastest growing industry in the world. Telecommunication activities saw rapid growth in India starting at the dawn of the 21st century and since then, efforts have been made from both governmental and non-governmental organizations to further improve the telecommunication infrastructure. Carriers and enterprises are increasingly seeing the benefits of VoIP services that allow voice messaging and video conferencing to be conducted securely, like email, as communications are transferred freely over traditional phone networks and the Internet. VoIP promises many business benefits and efficiency gains, from integrated and streamlined voice and data communications to cost savings. In the rush to realise these benefits and the economic impact it is easy to forget that VoIP is an IP service and that VoIP networks and applications servers are exposed to all of the threats and risks that face other IP network services. We are all familiar with the security threats that face email and web servers and the consequences of ignoring those threats. If anything, the threats that face VoIP systems are even greater. VoIP is a complex real-time communication service less tolerant of disruption than more traditional network applications. Now the question arises What is VoIP technology. How it works and effect the Telecommunication system, What type of ease it provide to the communication system and what services it provide to satisfy the user requirements. What are the main objectives and goals of VoIP. . 0 VoIP Technology It is Voice over Internet Protocol, a way of routing voice conversations using the internet or any other IP-based system as we continue using a regular telephone instrument. Okay, but how does it work? Can we be working on our computer and talk at the same time? Is there special equipment we need? VoIP means saving money on our monthly phone bill without sacrificing quality or convenience. Use VoIP like any other phone: pick up, wait for the tone, and dial the number. Thats it. There are no extra numbers to dial and no special routines to follow. We dont even need a new phone, just a VoIP adapter. If we have a headset and VoIP software, we dont even need that: we can just call from our computer. Computer-to-computer calls may be free, too. If we call the public network or an external phone, we will probably have to pay by the minute. One example is voicemail. We probably have some kind of answering machine with our old-school telephone. With VoIP voicemail, we get the improved functionality of voicemail (for instance, the ability to call someone back directly and easily), plus we can get each voicemail emailed to us as an audio file attachment. We can even use our email to track missed calls or call the person back directly from our email. That nifty feature is called Click to Call. There are several companies that provide VoIP service. There is a cost savings because we have a single network to do everything-it carries both voice and data and on the same internet lines. If we have the right company that can carry both the voice and data lines together, there might be no additional cost to combine these two features. The VoIP telephone system can help by automatically routing incoming telephone calls to our VoIP phone, regardless of whether or not we are connected to the network. We can take our phone with us on a trip and whenever we connect to the Internet we can accept incoming calls. We can get free telephone numbers for use in some countries. People using this system can work anywhere as long as there is a sufficiently fast and stable Internet connection available to them. Like our other telephone system, we can usually get 3-way calling, call forwarding, automatic redial, and even caller ID. So, is this system right for us? There are definitely advantages and as with all systems, some disadvantages. How do we choose? That depends and we should do some extensive research to make sure that the VoIP telephone system will work for us. Today, advanced VoIP solutions enable all employees, whether they are down the hall or a thousand miles away, to respond rapidly to customers and business opportunities by allowing their phones and computers to integrate into one seamless system. 3. VoIP Services If we intend to considerably cut down the cost of our mobile calls, here is a list of VoIP services that can allow us to cut down our mobile communication costs to the cheapest it can be so far. We only have to select the right service tailored to our needs, mobile phone type and model, connectivity, etc. Yeigo Yeigo is here to end paid-for mobile communication as you know it. It is a free software application that can be installed on mobile phones for calls and messages to any mobile or landline anywhere in the world. Calls are free to other mobiles using Yeigo, anywhere they can be in the world. Yeigo works on most recent mobile phones on the market. To use Yeigo, just like many of the applications of its like in this list, you need to have a data connection like Wi-Fi, 3G, GPRS, etc. Fring Fring is also a free application to be installed on a mobile phone for calls and messages. Calls to other Fring others are free, and are paid at cheap rates to landline and mobile networks. The cell phone models on which Fring works is more limited than for Yeigo. However, Fring users can communicate with users of other instant messaging service like Skype, MSN Messenger, ICQ, Google Talk, SIP, Twitter, AIM, Yahoo etc. Fring also requires a data service plan like WiFi, 3G, GPRS etc. Truphone By installing the Truphone software on your mobile phone, you can have your mobile phones routed through the Internet,and make free calls to other Truphone users. Calls to plain mobile and landline phones are cheap. Truphone allows you to make calls through Wi-Fi hotspots and your GSM network, which means you can use it really anywhere. It focuses mainly on high-end phone models like the iPhone, BlackBerry devices, Nokia E and N series etc. Vopium Vopium is a mobile VoIP service that offers cheap international calls through GSM and VoIP, without necessarily having a data plan (GPRS, 3G etc. ) or Wi-Fi connection. If you do have any of the latter, you can make free calls to other users using the same networks. Vopium also offers new users 30 minutes free calls and 100 free SMS for trial. Packet8 MobileTalk Packet8s MobileTalk is a pioneering service in the field of Mobile VoIP and is interesting for people who spend heavily on international calls. The rates are cheaper than for fixed VoIP. However, only US residents can benefit from it now. The service is different from other services on this list, in that it is hardware-based. It works through the GSM service, which means you dont need a data service like WiFi or 3G or GPRS etc. However, local calls are not as cheap as you would expect with mobile VoIP, so the service is ideal only for heavy international callers. Jaxtr Jaxtr is a nice and completely free service that allows you to make phone calls to and from fixed or mobile phones. You first need to create an account and submit a phone number through which you can be contacted. Then you can call other people who have done the same. The first time, you need to call them through the web interface or jaxtr, then, once you have saved the virtual number of the person on your phone, you can call them from it the next time. International calls are also supported. Note that the phone number you submit will not be seen by other people, but a virtual number will be used instead, assigned by jaxtr. Yackie Mobile Yackie Mobile is a pioneering new type of service in the field of mobile VoIP it offers VoIP on a SIM card. This eliminates the need for data plans or WiFi connections. You simply have to buy and insert the SIM card in your mobile phone, register for the VoIP service and start using it. The rates are standard cheap VoIP rates; and the international rates are quite advantageous. Talkety With Talkety, there is no software to download and install. You dont need a computer for calls, but you do need one for registration, payment and recording numbers. Yes I said payment, because the service is not free. You can call anywhere on any kind of telephone anywhere in the whole world. They also have a Pro service. To use the service, you enter the numbers, the phone rings and the talkers are connected. Jajah We know Jajah works on a web page, but they also have a plug in that can freely be downloaded and installed on mobile phones. The plug in allows you to enter the phone number and call. Messaging is also possible. Jajah claims to offer rates that can cut down your phone costs by 95%, but no part of the service is free. Jajah works on a certain number of phones, and you can check the compatibility of yours on their web site. EQO EQO is a free application that can be installed on mobile phones. That application gives you access to many services, as described on EQOs web site. It is compatible with MSN, AIM, Yahoo, Google Talk, QQ, ICQ and Jabber. Nothing is cheap here apart from messaging, but with EQO to EQO communication, the rate is halved. Skype You might be asking why Skype does not come first of this list, with its hundreds of millions of users. While Skype shines in PC-to-PC communication (for how long more? ), its presence in the mobile arena only fills a gap in its services. Skype has softphones for Nokia Internet Tablet, Windows Mobile devices and WiFi phones only. Recently, Skype has launched its own mobile phone, called the SkypePhone, which carries all Skype functionalities and services. It is however not yet available in all countries at the time I am writing this. Rebtel Rebtel gives international numbers for your local contacts, and therefore allows you to make international calls at low rates. What you pay is the local GSM fee plus a small fee for Rebtel. You have to type your contacts international number and Rebtel will create a local number for the area you are in, for you to call them. VoIP also provide services separatly for various different machines. So it provide services for various companies such as APPLE, BLACKBARRY etc. In APPLE, it provide services for iPhone. 4. Working of VoIP VoIP phone service (Voice over IP; also known as digital phone service, digital telephony, or broadband phone) replaces your phone line with a high-speed Internet connection. Its that simple. While traditional telephone service compresses your voice into a frequency on a wire, VoIP compresses the sound of your voice into packets of data. In milliseconds, these data packets are sent over the Internet. When the data reaches the final destination, it is converted back to sound. If use VoIP to call someone on the traditional phone network (the PSTN or Public Switched Telephone Network), the VoIP call is converted to sound once it reaches the network and the call is routed normally. The difference is that youve paid a lot less for that call. If youre a visual learner, the diagrams below will show you how VoIP calls are routed in specific situations. The last diagram shows the most typical call path: phone-to-phone. This is what your call path will look like when its routed by a VoIP company, such as Phone Power or ITP, to the PSTN. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] 5. 0 VoIP Benefits There are many good reasons to switch from a landline telephone service to VoIP, both for businesses and individuals. The reason for the prevalence of VOIP is that it gives significant benefits compared to legacy phone systems. The key benefits are as follows: Cost savings—The most attractive feature of VoIP is its cost-saving potential. When we move away from public switched telephone networks, long-distance phone calls become inexpensive. Instead of being processed across conventional commercial telecommunications line configurations, voice traffic travels on the Internet or over private data network lines. For the enterprise, VoIP reduces cost for equipment, lines, manpower, and maintenance. For consumers, VoIP reduces the charge of subscription or usage, especially for long distance and international calls. Rich media service—The legacy phone system mainly provides voice and fax service even though limited video service is possible. However, the demand of users is much higher than that, as shown in todays rich media communications through the Internet. People check out friends presence (such as online, offline, busy), send instant messages, make voice or video calls, transfer images, and so on. VoIP technology makes rich media service possible, integrating with other protocols and  applications Rich media service not only provides multiple options of media to users, but also creates new markets in the communications industry, such as VoIP service in mobile phones. Phone portability—The legacy phone system assigns a phone number with a dedicated line, so you generally cannot move your home phone to another place if you want to use the same phone number. It is a common hassle to call the phone company and ask for a phone number update when moving to a new house. However, VoIP provides number mobility: The phone device can use the same number virtually everywhere as long as it has proper IP connectivity. Many businesspeople today bring their IP phones or softphones when traveling, and use the same numbers everywhere. Service mobility—The context of mobility here includes service mobility as well. Wherever the phone goes, the same services could be available, such as call features, voicemail access, call logs, security features, service policy, and so on. Integration and collaboration with other applications—VoIP protocols (such as Session Initiation Protocol [SIP], H. 323) run on the application layer and are able to integrate or collaborate with other applications such as email, web browser, instant messenger, social-networking applications, and so on. The integration and collaboration create synergy and provide valuable services to the users. Typical examples are voicemail delivery via email, click-to-call service on a website, voice call button on an email, presence information on a contact list, and so on. User control interface—Most VoIP service providers provide a user control interface, typically a web GUI, to their customers so that they can change features, options, and services dynamically. For example, the users log in to the web GUI and change call forwarding number, speed dial, presence information (online, offline), black/white list, music-on-hold option, anonymous call block, and so on. No geographical boundary—The VoIP service area becomes virtualized without geographical limit. That is, the area code or country code is no longer bound to a specific location. For example, you could live in South Korea but subscribe to a U. S. phone number, which makes it possible that all calls to the U. S. become domestic calls (cheaper) even though you live in South Korea. Rich features—VoIP provides rich features like click-to-call on a web page, Find-Me-Follow-Me (FMFM), selective call forwarding, personalized ring tones (or ringback tone), simultaneous rings on multiple phones, selective area or country code, and so on. 6. 0 VoIP Disadvantages The benefits of VoIP do not come free of charge. There are significant disadvantages for using VoIP, as follows: Complicated service and network architecture—Integrated rich media services (such as voice, video, IM, presence, and fax) make it difficult to design the service and network architecture because many different types of devices for each service are involved, as well as different protocols and characteristics of each media. Rich features (such as click-to-call and FMFM) also make the architecture more complicated because many different applications (such as web and email) and platforms are involved. This complication requires extra time and resources when designing, testing, and deploying. It also causes various errors and makes it harder to troubleshoot and isolate them. Interoperability issues between different protocols, applications, or products—There are multiple VoIP protocols (such as SIP, H. 323, Media Gateway Control Protocol [MGCP], and Skinny), and product companies who choose whatever they like when developing products, which means there are always interoperability issues between the products that use different protocols. Even between the products using the same protocol, interoperability issues still come up because of different ways of implementation, different versions (extensions), or different feature sets. Therefore, it is common for VoIP service providers to spend a significant amount of time and resources for testing interoperability and resolving the issues. Quality of service (QoS) issues—Voice and video streams flow over an IP network as real-time packets, passing through multiple networks and devices (such as switches, routers, firewalls, and media gateways). Therefore, ensuring QoS is very difficult and costs lots of time and resources to meet the users expectations. The main factors in QoS are packet loss, delay (latency), and jitter (packet delay variation). Power outages—Legacy home phones continue to work even during a power outage because the phone line supplies 48 volts constantly. However, VoIP phones use regular data network lines that do not provider power in most cases, which means you cannot use VoIP phones during power outages. Of course, there are inline power solutions (such as Power over Ethernet), but these are mainly for enterprise environments. Emergency calls—Unlike legacy phone connections, which are tied to a physical location, VoIP allows phone portability as described in the previous section, which is convenient for users. However, the flexibility complicates the provision of emergency services like an E-911 call, which provides the callers location to the 911 dispatch office based on the caller ID (phone number). Especially for users using softphones on their mobile computers, E-911 service is almost impossible unless the users notify the service provider of their physical location every time they move. Although most VoIP vendors have workable solutions for E-911 service, government regulators and vendors are still working out standards and procedures for 911 services in VoIP environment. Security issues—In a legacy phone system, the security issue is mainly intercepting conversations that require physical access to phone lines or compromise of the office PBX. In VoIP, based on open or public networks, security issues are much more than that. Between a caller and callee, many elements (such as IP phones, access devices, media gateways, proxy servers, and protocols) are involved in setting up the call and transferring the media. Each element has vulnerable factors that are targets for attackers. The next few sections provide examples. Legal issues (lawful interception)—Legal wiretapping in VoIP, also called lawful interception (LI), is much more complicated than that in legacy phone systems, because of the complexity of VoIP service architecture. For the details, refer to Chapter 10, Lawful Interception Fundamentals. Among these disadvantages, the security issues are becoming more serious because traditional security devices (such as firewalls and Intrusion-Detection Systems) and protocols (such as encryption) cannot protect VoIP services or networks from recent intelligent threats. 7. Conclusion There are three clear messages to be learned and remembered as you start up any VoIP service at any level. First – it isnt about saving money – its about added value, features and services. Second – you CAN find a VoIP provider that will meet and exceed your needs and expectations. Third – buyer beware – you need to look at the details. Compare plans over three to five years with expected growth scenarios. Look at the costs to drop a poorly performing plan as well as the startup costs. And expect more from your telephony system than ever before. 8. 0 Future Scope VoIP is a great and economic way to make telephone calls, both local and long distance. However, there is the problem with VoIP in that it is still not wireless. Now, it is possible to use a Wi-Fi connection to the internet via a computer but then that is not as wireless as a cellular phone. What is worse is that there seems to be no move towards integrating VoIP into the cellphone. The integration of VoIP and the cellular phone is just the first step. After all, as the number of Wi-Fi hotspots increase and the area-range of internet connectivity broadens in its scope there will an ever increasing tendency to use VoIP instead of the regular cellular network because VoIP is much cheaper. In the end, this points to the demise of he cellular network and its replacement with a VoIP network. Such a network, called WiMax, is already being constructed. WiMax will be a citywide wireless network (in as many cities as possible of course) that will operate at speeds that will be much higher than the ones we have today). We are talking about a network where video and audio can be shared in real time. Another exciting possibility is free Internet Telephony. When you send an email, you do not have to pay. When you share your photographs, you do not have to pay. What you pay for is your broadband connection to stay connected to the internet. What you do with that connection is not charged by the ISP. The same applies to VoIP because in the end it is nothing more than data exchange between two parties. Why should that be charged? So if further investigation will be one in this area, we can overcome all these problems of VoIP.

Analysis of Target Market of Woolworths Limited - Free Samples

Question: Explain Of Target Market of Woolworths Limited? Answer: Introducation Woolworths Limited is of the leading company of the Australia that is also known as Woolworths Supermarkets. The company provides various retail products and services to their customers at the reasonable price as compare to others. In addition to this, it is also important to know that, the company is also use target market strategy to promote and sell their products in the market (Woolworths Limited. 2017). For example, mainly, Woolworths is targets the high income earners customers in the market in order to maximize the level of profit. In addition to this, the company is also targets the people of all the age groups in the Australia those require quality products. Moreover, it is also accessed that, in order to target the customers, the company considers several segmentation characteristics of the customers including demographic, psychographic, geographical, and behavioral factors. For instance, the company considers demographic factors in order to target their customers and sell the product. As per the demographic characteristics, Woolworths is targeting their customers on the basis of customers age, income level, educational level, gender, employment status, saving patterns etc. This strategy is helping the company in targeting a specific class of customers (Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor, 2014) On the other hand, based on the psychographic characteristics, the company Woolworths involves various factors associated with the target customers such as: personality traits, lifestyles, attitudes, expectations, activities, values, opinions, interests, lifestyles. By characterizing these factors about the customers, the company design and provides products in the market in order to satisfy all the needs and wants of their customers in an effective and proper manner. Along with this, it is also found that, Woolworths is also characterized their customers or target market by considering several geographical factors including local, state, regional or national marketplace segment. This method allows the company to effectively and properly provide the products at the right time at the right place. In addition to this, geographical factors are also help the company to reach the customers (Mooij, 2010). At the same time, the behavioral factors are also involved when the company targets its customers from the market. For example, as per this, the company targets the customers on the basis of product usage rates, brand loyalty, user status etc. This is also helping the company to make more profit from the market. On the basis of these characteristics of customers, it can be said that, Woolworths Limited is making and creating their marketing strategies, tactics and methods in order to attain strategic organizational goals and objectives effectively. In the same way, the company is targets their consumers on the basis of these characteristics or factors and offers the products and services based on these factors. Overall, it can be said that, Woolworths Limited is creating products, differentiation, and target market, marketing and other business strategies based on these features or characteristics of the customers that allowed the company to effectively target the customers (Lancaste r, and Massingham, 2010) References Lancaster, G. and Massingham, L. (2010). Essentials of Marketing Management. UK: Taylor Francis. Mooij, M.D. (2010). Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. USA: SAGE. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2014) Foundations of Business (4th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Woolworths Limited (2017). About Us. Available At: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/ {Accessed on: 20 May 2017}